Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
NLCs as a potential carrier system for transdermal delivery of forskolin
Elwira Lasoń1, Elżbieta Sikora1, Małgorzata Miastkowska1
1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland.
Abstract:
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) composed of the substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) were obtained by using a hot high-pressure homogenization technique (HPH). The influence of the number of homogenization cycles and concentration of a decyl glucoside surfactant on the NLC properties were studied. The system's stability was assessed by macroscopic observation, light backscattering and zeta potential measurements. NLC particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The kinetically stable formulations were loaded with forskolin and selected for in vitro drug permeation study using the Franz cell method. Concentration of forskolin in the receptor solution (i.e. ethanol/PBS mixture) was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. The obtained results have shown that NLC formulations could be used as effective carriers for forskolin permeation through the skin.
Related Concept Videos
Electron Carriers
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
Carrier Transport
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein
Carrier Generation and Recombination
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...
Carrier-Mediated Transport
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Potential Energy
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...

