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Diets for Health: Goals and Guidelines
Amy Locke1, Jill Schneiderhan2, Suzanna M Zick3
1University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
American Family Physician
|September 15, 2018
Summary
Focusing on healthy eating patterns, like the Mediterranean diet, can prevent major diseases and improve health. These diets emphasize whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats over processed items and added sugars.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Diet is a primary risk factor for disability and premature death.
- Many diet trends prioritize weight loss over overall health.
- Patients and physicians struggle to keep up with evolving dietary recommendations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight evidence-based dietary patterns that promote health.
- To emphasize the benefits of focusing on whole foods and nutrient-dense options.
- To provide guidance for healthcare professionals in recommending healthy eating styles.
Main Methods:
- Review of established healthy dietary patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Healthy Eating Plate).
- Emphasis on key components: unprocessed foods, fruits, vegetables, plant-based fats/proteins, legumes, whole grains, nuts.
- Recommendations for limiting added sugars and prioritizing specific food groups.
Main Results:
- Healthy dietary patterns are linked to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.
- These patterns emphasize whole, unprocessed foods, fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and nuts.
- Limiting added sugars to 5-10% of daily calories and including healthy fats is crucial.
Conclusions:
- Adopting evidence-based dietary patterns can significantly improve patient health outcomes.
- Focusing on food groups rather than macronutrients simplifies dietary recommendations.
- Addressing patient barriers and utilizing healthcare teams can enhance adherence to healthy diets.
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