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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
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Recent Developments in Solid-Phase Strategies towards Synthetic, Sequence-Defined Macromolecules.

Stephen A Hill1, Christoph Gerke1, Laura Hartmann1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Solid-phase synthesis enables precise control over synthetic polymer sequences, creating novel materials for diverse applications. This review covers advances in solid-phase strategies for sequence-defined macromolecules.

Keywords:
poly(amidoamines)polymerizationsequence-controlled polymerssequence-defined macromoleculessolid phase

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Sequence control in synthetic polymers is crucial for developing novel materials.
  • Applications include biomimetic, bioactive, and information security materials.
  • Polymerization technique dictates the level of sequence control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advances in solid-phase synthesis for sequence-defined macromolecules.
  • To summarize alternative strategies for creating sequence-defined macromolecules.

Main Methods:

  • Focus review of solid-phase synthesis strategies.
  • Brief summary of alternative methods for sequence-defined macromolecules.

Main Results:

  • Solid-phase synthesis is the most established method for achieving monodispersity and monomer sequence definition.
  • Recent advances in solid-phase strategies offer new ways to access synthetic, sequence-defined macromolecules.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-phase synthesis remains a key technique for precise control over synthetic polymer sequences.
  • Continued research in this area promises innovative material development.