Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.5K
Reasoning01:30

Reasoning

437
Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
437
Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

68.8K
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
68.8K
Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

67.8K
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
67.8K
Impact of Individuals on Individuals01:30

Impact of Individuals on Individuals

388
Human behavior is intricately shaped by social influences that arise from interactions with others in diverse contexts. These influences not only mold beliefs and attitudes but also drive the regulation of behaviors through both direct communication and observational learning. The study of these processes falls within the domain of social psychology, which seeks to understand how individuals are affected by and affect those around them.Mechanisms of Social InfluenceDirect social influence...
388
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

744
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
744

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The network architecture of general intelligence in the human connectome.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Nutrition and Mental Health: Advances in Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience.

Annual review of food science and technology·2026
Same author

Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience: The Science of Mind, Brain, and Nutrition.

The Journal of nutrition·2025
Same author

Understanding Cognitive Aging Through White Matter: A Fixel-Based Analysis.

Human brain mapping·2024
Same author

Linking 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines to core symptoms and school engagement of youth with moderate/severe ADHD.

Journal of affective disorders·2024
Same author

Influence of medical conditions on the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau217/Aβ42.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2024
Same journal

Spatial frequency channels implement a mental ruler in spatial vision.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Link Between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Measured Brain Diffusivity During Wakefulness and Sleep Macrostructure in the Elderly.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Closed-loop adaptation of transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity with electroencephalography feedback.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Volumetric postmortem MRI of the medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: methodological advances and implications for in vivo biomarker development.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Neural responses to equity and inequity when receiving vicarious rewards for self and charity during adolescence.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Cognitive Strategy-based neuromodulation optimizes neural communication to improve working memory.

NeuroImage·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.5K

Individual differences in analogical reasoning revealed by multivariate task-based functional brain imaging.

Rubi Hammer1, Erick J Paul1, Charles H Hillman2

  • 1Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.

Neuroimage
|September 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in analogical reasoning (AR) are linked to brain activity in executive and visuospatial networks. Specific regions like the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and lingual gyrus are key predictors of AR capability.

Keywords:
Analogical reasoningHigher-level cognitionLarge-scale brain networksRelational similarityVisual cognition

More Related Videos

Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies
10:09

Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies

Published on: September 22, 2014

13.6K
Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

947

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.5K
Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies
10:09

Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies

Published on: September 22, 2014

13.6K
Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

947

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Analogical reasoning (AR) is crucial for higher-level cognition and intellectual differences.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying individual variations in AR are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate individual differences in AR using neuroimaging.
  • Identify brain regions associated with varying AR capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis in a large sample (n=229).
  • Utilized a multiple kernel learning machine to analyze brain activation patterns.

Main Results:

  • AR capability positively correlated with activation in prefrontal executive and visuospatial networks.
  • Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (response selection) and lingual gyrus (visual feature mapping) were key predictors.
  • Negative correlation found between AR capability and default mode network activation.

Conclusions:

  • Individual AR differences rely on executive and visuospatial brain regions, with contributions varying by cognitive skill.
  • Brain regions for individual AR differences partially overlap with those sensitive to task demands (e.g., relational complexity).
  • Findings offer insights into brain architecture supporting higher-level cognitive processes like AR.