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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
Published on: October 24, 2015
Long-term remission in advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma? A chance for cure?
Matthias Pinter1,2,3, Wolfgang Sieghart1,2
11Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Abstract:
Liver resection, transplantation, and local ablation are potential curative treatment options but can only be offered to patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with macrovascular tumor invasion and extrahepatic metastases are candidates for palliative systemic therapies. Achieving radiological complete response can be associated with long-term remission and excellent outcome. However, despite recent advancements in the medical treatment of advanced stage HCC, complete remission with available systemic treatment options still remains a rare event. This review summarizes data on radiological complete response to systemic therapies and discusses issues that may complicate the goal of achieving cure in advanced stage HCC.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

