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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Sustainable Development01:43

Sustainable Development

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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

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In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
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Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects.

Jayanta Kumar Patra1, Gitishree Das1, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto2,3

  • 1Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea.

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Nanomedicine utilizes nanoscale materials for targeted diagnosis and drug delivery, enhancing treatment efficacy for chronic diseases. This review covers recent advances, applications, and future perspectives in nanomedicine and nano-based drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
Drug deliveryDrug targetingNanomaterialsNanomedicineNatural products

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems.
  • Application of nanotechnology in healthcare.

Background:

  • Nanoscale materials are increasingly used for diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic agent delivery.
  • Nanotechnology offers significant advantages for treating chronic diseases through site-specific and target-oriented drug delivery.
  • Current nanomedicine applications include chemotherapeutic, biological, and immunotherapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated summary of recent advances in nanomedicines and nano-based drug delivery systems.
  • To review the discovery and application of nanomaterials for improving drug efficacy and disease diagnosis.
  • To discuss opportunities, challenges, trends, and perspectives in nanomedicine for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of recent literature on nanomedicine and nano-based drug delivery.
  • Scrutiny of nanomaterial discovery and applications in drug efficacy and diagnosis.
  • Analysis of synthetic/natural sources for nanomedicine and their clinical translation.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials enhance the efficacy of both novel and existing drugs, including natural products.
  • Nanotechnology enables selective diagnosis through disease marker molecules.
  • Significant progress has been made in the application of nanomedicines for various diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems represent a rapidly developing field with vast potential in healthcare.
  • Continued research and development are crucial for overcoming challenges and realizing the full clinical potential of nanomedicines.
  • The integration of nanomedicine offers promising avenues for improved disease treatment and diagnosis.