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Indicators02:39

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Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
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Cost-effective Method for Microbial Source Tracking Using Specific Human and Animal Viruses
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Pathogens, faecal indicators and human-specific microbial source-tracking markers in sewage.

C García-Aljaro1,2, A R Blanch1,2, C Campos3

  • 1Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|September 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review examines pathogens, general fecal indicators, and human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) markers in sewage. Understanding these microbial components is crucial for assessing sanitation and water contamination risks.

Keywords:
faecal indicatorsmicrobial source trackingpathogenssanitationsewagewater microbiology

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health
  • Microbial ecology

Background:

  • Sewage contains a complex microbial community, primarily reflecting the human gut microbiota.
  • Human and animal feces share microbes, including pathogens, posing public health risks.
  • Effective sanitation and water quality management require understanding sewage microbial content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on pathogens, general fecal indicators, and human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) markers in sewage.
  • To assess the utility of these markers for sanitation assessment and water contamination studies.
  • To summarize global data on the prevalence and concentration of these microbial markers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on sewage microbiology.
  • Analysis of reported data on pathogens, general fecal indicators, and human-specific MST markers.
  • Evaluation of traditional and molecular methods for microbial analysis in sewage.

Main Results:

  • Sewage microbial profiles largely mirror the human gut microbiota.
  • Pathogens, general fecal indicators, and human-specific MST markers are frequently detected in sewage worldwide.
  • Direct pathogen detection is ideal but often impractical for routine monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of sewage microbial composition is vital for public health and environmental protection.
  • Microbial source tracking (MST) markers are essential for identifying fecal contamination origins.
  • A combination of indicator organisms and MST markers is needed for comprehensive water quality assessment.