Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring of Thyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model
Published on: February 11, 2019
Study of Correlation of Pre-Operative Findings with Intra-Operative Ossicular Status in Patients with Chronic Otitis
Pragya Singh1, Shraddha Jain1, Disha Methwani1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
Introduction:
Chronic otitis media (COM) has been broadly classified into mucosal and squamous subtypes. COM types are associated with erosion of the ossicular chain. The aim of the present study was to correlate the type of COM, the site of perforation/retraction, and the type of disease pathology with the pattern and degree of ossicular chain necrosis.
Materials And Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in 76 cases of COM, who were subjected to tympanomastoidectomy. Pre-operative findings were compared with per-operative ossicular chain status and pathology.
Results:
Incus was found to be the most vulnerable ossicle for erosion, followed by malleus and suprastructure of stapes. The pattern of multiple ossicle involvement was more common. Ossicular chain erosion was more common in squamous COM than mucosal COM (X2=66.25; P=0.0001) and in the presence of cholesteatoma and granulations. Ossicular necrosis was most common in squamous disease with cholesteatoma, followed by squamous disease with granulations, mucosal disease with granulations, and inactive mucosal disease in that order.
Conclusion:
The degree of ossicular necrosis has a positive correlation with the type of disease pathology, being higher in squamous disease than in mucosal disease. The pattern of ossicular necrosis varies with the site of origin of the disease and the pattern of spread of cholesteatoma, being variable for pars tensa and pars flaccida squamous disease.
Related Concept Videos
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management
Operational Amplifiers
Real Number Operations
Vector Operations
A vector multiplied by a scalar value is called scalar multiplication. The result obtained is a new vector with a different magnitude. If the scalar is positive, the direction of the vector remains the same, but if it is negative, the direction of the vector is reversed. For example, the product of the mass and velocity yields the momentum.
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Second Derivatives and Laplace Operator
Consider a scalar function. The curl of its...

