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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

1.9K
The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
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Neuroinflammation Quantification for Spinal Cord Injury.

Jesús Amo-Aparicio1, Anna Martínez-Muriana1, Alba Sánchez-Fernández1

  • 1Institut de Neurociencies and Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain.

Current Protocols in Immunology
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Summary

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers inflammation, worsening neurological deficits. New methods to quantify cytokines and immune cells in spinal cord tissue are crucial for developing anti-inflammatory therapies to mitigate SCI damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes irreversible neurological damage.
  • Neuroinflammation following SCI exacerbates tissue damage and functional deficits.
  • Targeting inflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for inducing contusion injuries in the mouse spinal cord.
  • To present methodologies for assessing neuroinflammation in SCI tissue samples.
  • To facilitate the evaluation of novel anti-inflammatory therapies for SCI.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of focal contusion injuries in the mouse spinal cord.
  • Quantification of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
  • Assessment of immune cell populations within the lesioned spinal cord.

Main Results:

  • Established a reproducible model of SCI in mice.
  • Validated methodologies for comprehensive neuroinflammation assessment.
  • Provided tools for evaluating therapeutic interventions targeting SCI-induced inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective assessment of neuroinflammation is critical for SCI research.
  • The described methodologies aid in developing and testing new SCI therapies.
  • Targeting glial cell-mediated inflammation holds therapeutic potential for SCI recovery.