Voltaglue Bioadhesives Energized with Interdigitated 3D-Graphene Electrodes

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Medical Device Technology

Background:

• Traditional soft tissue fixation for implants and bioelectrodes uses mechanical methods (sutures, staples, screws), leading to complications like tissue perforation, scarring, and stress concentrations.
• Adhesive bioelectrodes present a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of mechanical fixation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and characterize novel voltage-activated carbene-based bioadhesives for soft tissue fixation.
• To explore the electrorheometry and adhesion properties of graphene-based bioelectrodes synthesized on resorbable polyester substrates.
• To assess the biological response to these novel bioadhesives.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of graphene 3D-printed bioelectrodes on resorbable polyester substrates.
• Utilized voltage-activated carbene-based bioadhesives, locally energized through graphene interdigitated electrodes.
• Performed electrorheometry, adhesion strength testing, and in vitro biological assessments (metabolism, platelet-rich plasma response).

Main Results:

• Achieved rapid gelation times (≤ 60 seconds) with a maximum shear storage modulus (G') of 3 kPa, mimicking human soft tissue properties.
• Demonstrated maximum adhesion strength of 170 g cm⁻² (17 kPa), exceeding the force required for dynamic soft tissue applications.
• Qualitative biological assessments indicated a favorable response to adhesive leachates.

Conclusions:

• The developed voltage-activated bioadhesives provide a robust and tissue-compatible solution for soft tissue fixation of implants and bioelectrodes.
• This technology enables the creation of permanently incorporated, bioresorbable bio/electrodes, compatible with wireless electronic systems.
• The findings lay the groundwork for advanced implantable devices with reduced invasiveness and improved biocompatibility.