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Large Volume, Behaviorally-relevant Illumination for Optogenetics in Non-human Primates
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Functionally specific optogenetic modulation in primate visual cortex.

Mykyta M Chernov1, Robert M Friedman2, Gang Chen3,4,5,6

  • 1Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006; chernov@ohsu.edu annawang@zju.edu.cn.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optogenetic stimulation of specific brain nodes in primates selectively activated visual cortical networks. This research demonstrates precise control over neural circuits based on their architecture.

Keywords:
cortical columnsfunctional connectivitynonhuman primatesoptogeneticsprimary visual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Optogenetics
  • Primate Visual Cortex

Background:

  • Visual perception relies on complex brain networks of interconnected neural nodes.
  • These networks process specific information like eye input and orientation.
  • Targeting these nodes could allow selective activation of functional networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if optogenetic stimulation of single cortical nodes can selectively activate specific visual processing networks in primates.
  • To investigate the relationship between neural architecture and network activation.

Main Methods:

  • Viral transfection to induce light sensitivity in neurons of the monkey primary visual cortex.
  • Intrinsic signal optical imaging and single-unit electrophysiology to measure neural responses.
  • Targeted optogenetic stimulation of ocular dominance columns and orientation domains.

Main Results:

  • Stimulating single eye-specific nodes preferentially activated nearby same-eye columns, not opposite-eye columns.
  • Stimulating single orientation domains enhanced responses in matching domains and suppressed nonmatching ones.
  • Demonstrated selective modulation of functionally specific cortical networks.

Conclusions:

  • Optogenetic stimulation of individual nodes effectively modulates functionally specific cortical networks.
  • Neural network activity can be controlled by targeting nodes based on their inherent architecture.
  • Provides a method for probing and potentially controlling neural circuit function.