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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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RNA modifications modulate gene expression during development.

Michaela Frye1,2, Bryan T Harada3,4, Mikaela Behm5

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK. m.frye@gen.cam.ac.uk chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA modifications regulate gene expression and are vital for development. Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m6A) impact transcript stability and translation, coordinating cellular processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA modifications are crucial posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression.
  • These modifications impact diverse eukaryotic biological processes and are essential for normal development.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications influence mRNA metabolism, including translation and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the regulatory roles of RNA modifications in gene expression.
  • To explain how specific modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m6A) coordinate transcript regulation.
  • To underscore the importance of RNA modifications in cellular processes and development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA modifications.
  • Analysis of the impact of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNA metabolism.
  • Examination of tRNA modifications in relation to RNA structure, function, and response to external cues.

Main Results:

  • RNA modifications are critical for eukaryotic gene expression and development.
  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates mRNA translation and stability, coordinating transcript groups.
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are essential for RNA structure and function, and adapt protein synthesis in response to stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • RNA modifications play a fundamental role in coordinating gene expression programs.
  • These modifications are essential for maintaining cellular states and facilitating developmental transitions.
  • Proper deposition and function of RNA modifications are indispensable for normal eukaryotic development.