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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

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In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Murine Bioluminescent Hepatic Tumour Model

Murine Bioluminescent Hepatic Tumour Model

Published on: July 17, 2010

Hepatitis B and C.

Krupa R Mysore¹, Daniel H Leung¹

¹Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin, Suite 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Clinics in Liver Disease

|September 30, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections impact millions globally. Children infected vertically face higher risks of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and cancer.

Keywords:

Children Hepatitis Monitoring Treatment Viral

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Murine Bioluminescent Hepatic Tumour Model

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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections cause significant global health and economic burdens.
An estimated 257 million (HBV) and 71 million (HCV) individuals worldwide live with chronic infections.
Pediatric HBV and HCV infections are influenced by age at infection, acquisition route, ethnicity, and viral genotype.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric hepatitis B and C.
To discuss the epidemiology, virology, and immunobiology of HBV and HCV in children.
To review prevention, clinical presentation, evaluation, and modern treatment strategies for pediatric viral hepatitis.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of current research on pediatric HBV and HCV.
Analysis of epidemiological data and risk factors for chronic infection in children.
Examination of clinical outcomes and therapeutic advancements.

Main Results:

Perinatal or vertical HBV/HCV infection in children often leads to asymptomatic chronic disease.
Children with chronic viral hepatitis have an elevated risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
HBV and HCV are classified as oncoviruses due to their carcinogenic potential.

Conclusions:

Early detection and management of pediatric HBV and HCV are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
Advances in antiviral therapies offer improved outcomes for children with chronic viral hepatitis.
Effective prevention strategies, including vaccination and screening, are essential to reduce the burden of pediatric viral hepatitis.