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Hepatitis B and C

Krupa R Mysore1, Daniel H Leung1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin, Suite 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|September 30, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections impact millions globally. Children infected vertically face higher risks of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections cause significant global health and economic burdens.
  • An estimated 257 million (HBV) and 71 million (HCV) individuals worldwide live with chronic infections.
  • Pediatric HBV and HCV infections are influenced by age at infection, acquisition route, ethnicity, and viral genotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric hepatitis B and C.
  • To discuss the epidemiology, virology, and immunobiology of HBV and HCV in children.
  • To review prevention, clinical presentation, evaluation, and modern treatment strategies for pediatric viral hepatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on pediatric HBV and HCV.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and risk factors for chronic infection in children.
  • Examination of clinical outcomes and therapeutic advancements.

Main Results:

  • Perinatal or vertical HBV/HCV infection in children often leads to asymptomatic chronic disease.
  • Children with chronic viral hepatitis have an elevated risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • HBV and HCV are classified as oncoviruses due to their carcinogenic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and management of pediatric HBV and HCV are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
  • Advances in antiviral therapies offer improved outcomes for children with chronic viral hepatitis.
  • Effective prevention strategies, including vaccination and screening, are essential to reduce the burden of pediatric viral hepatitis.

Keywords:
ChildrenHepatitisMonitoringTreatmentViral

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