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Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Measuring Rates of Herbicide Metabolism in Dicot Weeds with an Excised Leaf Assay
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Genomic Clues for Crop-Weed Interactions and Evolution.

Longbiao Guo1, Jie Qiu2, Lin-Feng Li3

  • 1State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China; These authors contributed equally to this work.

Trends in Plant Science
|October 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Recent genome-based studies reveal evolutionary innovations in weeds, like de-domestication and parasitic genetic elements, driving invasiveness and reducing crop yields. This research aids in developing strategies for agricultural weed control and crop breeding.

Keywords:
agricultural weedsallelopathycrop–weed interactionsde-domesticationgenomeparasitism

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Weeds pose significant threats to global crop yield due to rapid adaptation and invasiveness.
  • Understanding crop-weed interactions is crucial for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent genome-based research on agricultural weeds and crop-weed interactions.
  • To highlight evolutionary innovations that enhance weed invasiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-based research analysis.
  • Review of studies on agricultural weeds and crop-weed interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified key evolutionary innovations: de-domestication, allelochemical-mediated interactions, and parasitic genetic elements.
  • These innovations significantly contribute to weed invasiveness in agricultural systems.

Conclusions:

  • Genome-based insights are vital for understanding the evolution of crop-weed interactions.
  • Future research can leverage these findings for practical applications in weed control and crop breeding.