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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
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Analyzing Thyroid Dysfunction in the Climacteric.

Subrat Panda1, Ananya Das1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Journal of Mid-Life Health
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Thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism are common in Indian women during perimenopause and menopause. Routine thyroid screening from age 40 is recommended to detect and treat these conditions effectively.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Menopause and perimenopause affect 30% of Indian women.
  • Hypothyroidism symptoms can mimic menopausal changes.
  • Subclinical thyroid disease screening is advisable during menopause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate abnormal thyroid function tests in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
  • To assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders in women aged 40-80.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study conducted at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences.
  • Included 40-80 year old women in perimenopausal and postmenopausal stages.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical hypothyroidism prevalence increased from age 40 to 70.
  • Hypothyroidism frequency also rose gradually between ages 40 and 70.
  • Hyperthyroidism frequency remained constant across all age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid disorders risk increases with age.
  • Thyroid function screening (TSH) should commence at age 40.
  • Early detection allows for timely treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.