A Method for Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-1-indanones via Cu-Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation Reactions

Intramolecular aldol reaction occurs in dicarbonyl compounds such as dialdehydes, diketones, and keto-aldehydes. The dicarbonyl compounds possess more than one nucleophilic ⍺ carbon for the base to deprotonate and form the enolates. For example, in symmetrical diketones, there are four ⍺ carbons. Hence, four types of enolates are possible when treated with a base. However, since the molecule is symmetrical, the enolates formed on either side of one carbonyl group are equivalent to those...

Synthesis and decomposition are two types of redox reactions. Synthesis means to make something, whereas decomposition means to break something. The reactions are accompanied by chemical and energy changes. 

Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...

As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.

The aldol reaction of a ketone under acidic conditions successfully forms an unsaturated carbonyl as the final product instead of an aldol. The acid-catalyzed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.

This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...