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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
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[Management of acute diarrhea].

Cristina Bellini1, Alexis Dumoulin2

  • 1Service des maladies infectieuses, Institut Central des Hôpitaux, Hôpital Riviera-Chablais, Boulevard Paderewski 3, 1800 Vevey.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Acute diarrhea is a common issue globally. Clinicians face challenges in diagnostic testing and antibiotic use to prevent side effects and resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute diarrhea is a prevalent global health concern affecting both resource-limited and industrialized nations.
  • Effective management requires careful consideration of diagnostic testing and judicious antibiotic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To guide clinicians on appropriate diagnostic testing for acute diarrhea.
  • To identify specific situations warranting antibiotic treatment for acute diarrhea.
  • To minimize unnecessary antibiotic use, associated costs, side effects, and antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews current clinical guidelines and evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of acute diarrhea.
  • It focuses on criteria for diagnostic testing and indications for antibiotic therapy.

Main Results:

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  • Diagnostic testing for acute diarrhea is not always necessary and should be guided by clinical presentation.
  • Antibiotic treatment is recommended only in specific cases, such as severe infections or immunocompromised patients.

Conclusions:

  • Appropriate use of diagnostic tests and selective antibiotic therapy are crucial for managing acute diarrhea effectively.
  • Avoiding unnecessary treatments reduces costs, side effects, and the development of resistant bacterial strains.