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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
[The reconstruction of the nipple-areolar]
F Bodin1, C Bruant-Rodier1, L Ruffenach1
1Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.
Abstract:
The reconstruction of the nipple-areolar complex is the final stage of breast reconstruction that restores the visual identity of the breast. The most common options for reshaping the areola are tattooing, total skin grafting of the inner thigh and the total skin graft taken from the contralateral areola. Nipple reconstruction solutions include duplication of contralateral nipple, local flap, total skin graft and tattoo in three-dimension. Duplication of the nipple is the technique of choice because it immediately offers optimal color, texture and projection. The areolar tattoo is the most common procedure for its simplicity and reproducibility.
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