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Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Inherent physiological artifacts in EEG during tDCS.

Nigel Gebodh1, Zeinab Esmaeilpour1, Devin Adair2

  • 1Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.

Neuroimage
|October 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining electroencephalography (EEG) with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is challenged by physiological artifacts. These artifacts, including cardiac and ocular distortions, are inherent and confound measurements, requiring new denoising approaches for accurate online neuroimaging.

Keywords:
Electrocardiogram (ECG)Electroencephalography (EEG)Finite element method (FEM)Physiological artifactTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)Transcranial electric stimulation (tES)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Combining electroencephalography (EEG) with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) offers compelling non-invasive neuromodulation and measurement possibilities.
  • Conventional signal processing techniques often fail to distinguish true neural signals from stimulation artifacts in online EEG-tDCS.
  • Existing methods assume artifacts are methodology-related, overlooking inherent physiological sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize physiological artifacts in online EEG-tDCS.
  • To distinguish between inherent and non-inherent physiological artifacts.
  • To evaluate the suitability of conventional signal processing for artifact removal during tDCS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of artifact dynamics across varying stimulation parameters (montage, polarity, current) and hardware.
  • Concurrent physiological monitoring (ECG, respiration, ocular, EMG, head motion).
  • Current flow modeling and Generalized Singular Value Decomposition (GSVD) for artifact analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified inherent physiological artifacts: cardiac and ocular motor distortions, significantly larger than neural signals.
  • Non-inherent artifacts (motion, myogenic) can be minimized but are distinct from inherent ones.
  • Artifacts are dose-specific, non-stationary, high-dimensional, and overlap with neurogenic frequencies, rendering conventional removal ineffective.
  • GSVD suggests artifact removal significantly degrades signal integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Online EEG-tDCS is significantly confounded by inherent physiological artifacts (cardiac, ocular) regardless of equipment.
  • These artifacts are broadband, dose-specific, and cannot be removed by standard EEG processing techniques.
  • Effective denoising requires recognizing the non-stationary, physiology-specific, and individualized nature of these artifacts.