Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
Published on: June 9, 2020
Effectiveness of Two Varying Levels of Virtual Reality Simulation.
Sherrill J Smith1, Sharon L Farra, Deborah L Ulrich
1About the Authors Sherrill J. Smith, PhD, RN, CNL, CNE, Sharon L. Farra, PhD, RN, CNE, CHSE, and Deborah L. Ulrich, PhD, ANEF, are from Wright State University College of Nursing and Health, Dayton, Ohio. Eric Hodgson, PhD, is from Miami University Interactive Media Studies, Oxford, Ohio. Stephanie Nicely, EdD, MSN, RN, is from Miami University Department of Nursing, Oxford, Ohio. Angelia Mickle, DNP, RN, FNP, PMHNP, is from Cedarville University School of Nursing, Cedarville, Ohio. The authors acknowledge financial support from the National League for Nursing and the Zeta Phi Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International. The authors would also like to thank the faculty from all universities that provided support for the study and especially acknowledge Kelly Hanlon, MS, for her assistance as a graduate research assistant on this study. For more information, contact Dr. Smith at sherrill.smith@wright.edu.
Virtual reality simulation (VRS) effectively teaches decontamination skills, though retention decreases over six months. Further research is needed to optimize VRS best practices for disaster education.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Education
- Simulation-Based Learning
- Disaster Preparedness
Background:
- Limited research exists on virtual reality simulation (VRS) effectiveness in disaster education.
- Understanding knowledge and skill retention from VRS interventions is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate two immersive virtual reality simulation (VRS) levels for teaching decontamination skills.
- To compare VRS effectiveness against a control group for decontamination training.
Main Methods:
- A quasiexperimental design with repeated measures was employed.
- 197 senior baccalaureate nursing students participated across four Midwest campuses.
- Cognitive learning, performance, and time were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at six months.
Main Results:
- Immediate improvements in cognitive learning and performance were observed post-intervention.
- A significant decline in retention scores was noted at the six-month follow-up.
- No significant differences in outcomes were found between the VRS groups and the control group.
Conclusions:
- Virtual reality simulation (VRS) offers a viable option for simulated learning experiences in nursing education.
- Further investigation is required to establish best practice guidelines for implementing VRS in disaster education.
- Student satisfaction with VRS was high, with immersive VRS perceived as more interactive.
Related Concept Videos
Virtual Work
In static equilibrium, a body can experience an imaginary or virtual movement, such as displacement or rotation. The virtual work done by a force is equal to the dot product of force and virtual displacement in the direction of the force. When it comes to virtually rotating a...
Gradually Varying Flow
Rapidly Varying Flow
Framing Effects
Leveling Effect
Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving
To apply the principle of virtual work,...

