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The link between nitrous oxide emissions, microbial community profile and function from three full-scale WWTPs.

A Vieira1, C F Galinha2, A Oehmen3

  • 1iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. República, Qta. do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.

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|October 19, 2018
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Summary

This study links microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Optimizing aeration and monitoring specific microbial genes can help reduce N2O pollution.

Keywords:
DenitrificationGreenhouse gas (GHG)NitrificationNitrous oxide (N(2)O)Nitrous oxide reductase (NosZ)Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Wastewater Engineering
  • Biogeochemical Cycles

Background:

  • Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with significant emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
  • Limited understanding exists on the microbial drivers of N2O emissions in full-scale WWTPs.
  • Seasonal variations and operational events can influence N2O production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between microbial community structure and function and N2O emissions in WWTPs.
  • To identify key microbial taxa and genes associated with N2O production.
  • To explore the impact of operational parameters and seasonal changes on N2O emissions.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used on activated sludge samples.
  • Wastewater characteristics, N2O emissions, and microbial community data were collected over two seasons.
  • Correlation analyses were performed to link microbial data with N2O emission factors.

Main Results:

  • N2O emissions varied significantly (0.001–0.280% of influent NH4-N).
  • Abundances of Nitrotoga, Candidatus Microthrix, and Rhodobacter genera correlated with N2O emissions, favored by high dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate (NO3-).
  • NirK gene expression was linked to N2O emissions, with peaks associated with aeration transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Aeration optimization is crucial for mitigating N2O emissions during operational events.
  • Monitoring specific microbial genera and gene expression (nirK, nosZ clade II) is vital for controlling N2O production.
  • Understanding microbial ecology is key to reducing greenhouse gas footprints of WWTPs.