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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Very Early Onset Disease Teaches Us

Eileen Crowley1, Aleixo Muise2

  • 1Cell Biology Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, SickKids, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|October 20, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves complex genetic, environmental, and immune factors. Genetic contributions are significant in young children, offering insights into disease causes and potential therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions.
  • Very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD) specifically refers to diagnoses in children under six years old.
  • The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but it arises from a complex interplay of host genetics, gut microbiota, environmental exposures, and immune system dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathogenesis of VEO-IBD.
  • To highlight the significant role of host genetics in VEO-IBD.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for IBD based on genetic insights.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on IBD etiology.
  • Analysis of genetic studies focusing on VEO-IBD.
  • Synthesis of information on host-microbiota-environment interactions in IBD.

Main Results:

  • Genetic factors play a substantially larger role in the development of IBD in younger children.
  • Understanding genetic contributions provides valuable insights into IBD pathogenesis.
  • Specific genetic insights may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Host genetics are a critical determinant in VEO-IBD.
  • Further research into genetic factors can elucidate IBD mechanisms.
  • Genetic discoveries hold promise for future IBD treatment development.

Keywords:
Inflammatory bowel diseaseMonogenic diseasePersonalized careTargeted therapyVery early onsetWhole-exome sequencing

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