Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

18.2K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
18.2K
Neurons: The Cell Body and the Dendrites01:23

Neurons: The Cell Body and the Dendrites

7.1K
A typical nerve cell comprises three main components: the cell body, dendrites, and the axon. The cell body, also known as the soma or perikaryon, serves as the central biosynthetic hub housing a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm containing organelles commonly found in most cells. Notably, Nissl bodies, clusters of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis, are distinctive features of the neuronal cell body. As neurons age, aggregates of a brown pigment...
7.1K
Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations01:46

Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations

174.8K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal cells...
174.8K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.8K
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

260
Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
260
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

205
Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
205

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex-Specific Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Stroke Mortality.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Rural-Urban Disparities in Epilepsy Outcomes in the United States.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Surgical Interventions for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Systematic Review.

Neurocritical care·2026
Same author

Vectorized instructive signals in cortical dendrites.

Nature·2026
Same author

Safety and Feasibility of a "Fast-Track" Monitoring Protocol for Patients Treated With Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Plateau potentials are instructive signals for behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity in the neocortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device
12:00

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

Published on: October 1, 2007

20.3K

Enhanced Dendritic Compartmentalization in Human Cortical Neurons.

Lou Beaulieu-Laroche1, Enrique H S Toloza1, Marie-Sophie van der Goes1

  • 1McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Cell
|October 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Human cortical neurons are longer, leading to enhanced electrical compartmentalization. This size difference limits synaptic integration and alters neuronal excitability, impacting brain computation.

Keywords:
biophysicscompartmentalizationcomputationcortexdendritehumanion channelsneuronpatch-clamp

More Related Videos

Compartmentalization of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons within Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips
06:46

Compartmentalization of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons within Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips

Published on: May 3, 2019

67.1K
Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
10:18

Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: October 10, 2015

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device
12:00

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

Published on: October 1, 2007

20.3K
Compartmentalization of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons within Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips
06:46

Compartmentalization of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons within Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips

Published on: May 3, 2019

67.1K
Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
10:18

Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: October 10, 2015

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Neuronal biophysical features are critical for brain information processing.
  • Human cortical neurons are significantly larger than those in other species, but the functional implications remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the increased size of human cortical neurons affects synaptic integration and neuronal excitability.
  • To compare the electrical properties of human and rat dendrites.

Main Methods:

  • Direct electrical recordings from human and rat dendrites.
  • Analysis of dendritic spikes and somatic excitability.
  • Measurement of ion channel densities and input resistance.

Main Results:

  • Human layer 5 pyramidal neurons exhibit enhanced electrical compartmentalization.
  • Distal human dendrites provide limited excitation to the soma, even with dendritic spikes.
  • Human neurons show reduced bursting due to diminished dendritic electrogenesis.
  • Lower ion channel densities in human dendrites contribute to higher input resistance and reduced coupling.

Conclusions:

  • The increased length of human neurons fundamentally alters their input-output properties.
  • These alterations in neuronal properties have significant implications for cortical computation in humans.