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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Pluripotent stem cell-derived cochlear cells: a challenge in constant progress.

Amandine Czajkowski1, Anaïs Mounier1, Laurence Delacroix1

  • 1Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|October 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing therapies for hearing loss requires understanding sensory hair cell regeneration. This review explores stem cell-based approaches to generate hair cells, addressing current challenges for clinical application.

Keywords:
DifferentiationHair cellsInner earOtic progenitorsStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Hearing loss often stems from irreversible sensory hair cell loss in the cochlea.
  • Regenerating these cells is crucial for developing effective hearing loss therapies.
  • Understanding hair cell development is key to creating them from stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular mechanisms of hair cell production from embryonic stem cells.
  • To explore the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into otic progenitors and hair cells.
  • To discuss limitations and future directions for stem cell therapy in hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular mechanisms in human and mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of studies applying this knowledge to induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • Discussion of current challenges in in vitro hair cell generation.

Main Results:

  • Insights into molecular pathways governing hair cell development from pluripotent stem cells.
  • Demonstration of induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation into otic progenitors and hair cells.
  • Identification of key obstacles in achieving functional hair cell regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of developmental mechanisms guides stem cell differentiation for hair cell generation.
  • Significant challenges remain in producing functional hair cells in vitro.
  • Stem cell therapy holds promise for hearing loss but requires overcoming current limitations.