Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
Published on: November 21, 2025
Clinical Profile of Pneumocystis jirovecii Infection - A Comparative Study
Divya Deodhar1, Jency Maria Koshy2, Mary John3
1Associate Professor, Dept. of Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab.
Objectives:
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) can differ in HIV and non HIV population due to degree of immunity. This study was undertaken with an aim to highlight the differences between the two groups.
Methods:
It was an observational study conducted in the department of Medicine of a tertiary care institution in North India. All cases tested positive for Pneumocystis jirovecii from January 2009 to December 2014 were included in the study. Demographic profile, clinical presentation, risk factors, treatment and course in hospital were noted and analyzed.
Results:
Among the 42 patients who had PCP, 13 (30.9%) patients were HIV positive and 29 (69%) were HIV negative.Cough was seen maximum in 10(79.3%) patients in HIV group compared to non HIV whereas fever and breathlessness predominated in the non HIV group. The outcome was better in the non HIV group compared to the HIV group which was 16 (55.2%) versus 6 (46.1%) patients respectively.
Conclusion:
Clinical presentation differed slightly in both these groups. Difference in the outcome was also noted, however, larger numbers may be required to show the difference. It may form the basis of further research. The study successfully compared the presentation and outcome of PCP in the two groups.
Related Concept Videos
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...

