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Fecal Calprotectin.

Ruth M Ayling1, Klaartje Kok2

  • 1FRCPath Consultant Chemical Pathologist, Clinical Biochemistry, Pathology and Pharmacy Building, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|October 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Fecal calprotectin is a key indicator of gastrointestinal inflammation. Measuring fecal calprotectin aids in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and managing existing IBD cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Calprotectin, an S100 protein derived from neutrophils, plays a role in innate immunity and has antimicrobial effects.
  • Fecal calprotectin concentration is significantly higher than plasma levels, correlating with gastrointestinal inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight fecal calprotectin as a valuable non-invasive biomarker for gastrointestinal inflammation.
  • To emphasize its utility in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and guiding patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of calprotectin's role in inflammation and its measurement in fecal samples.
  • Discussion of its diagnostic and management applications in IBD.

Main Results:

  • Fecal calprotectin demonstrates high sensitivity and negative predictive value for IBD diagnosis, aiding endoscopy prioritization.
Keywords:
CalprotectinCrohn's diseaseFecal markerInflammatory bowel diseaseUlcerative colitis

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  • It effectively monitors disease activity, relapse, and mucosal healing in patients with established IBD.

    • Conclusions:

    • Fecal calprotectin is a crucial tool for diagnosing and managing IBD.
    • Assay performance variability and influencing factors necessitate careful laboratory consideration.