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Late preterm births: New insights from neonatal neuroimaging and neurobehaviour

Jeanie Ling Yoong Cheong1, Deanne Kim Thompson2, Joy Elizabeth Olsen3

  • 1Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|October 22, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Late preterm infants show brain structural changes and suboptimal neurobehavior, linked to developmental delays. Further research on these indicators is crucial for understanding deficits in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Late preterm infants (born 34-36 weeks gestation) face increasing neurodevelopmental challenges.
  • Existing research suggests potential brain structural differences and suboptimal neurobehavior in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore underlying brain structural changes in late preterm infants.
  • To investigate the association between neurobehavioral assessments and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess brain structure and maturity.
  • Employing neurobehavioral assessments in the newborn period.

Main Results:

  • Brain MRI revealed smaller and less mature brains in late preterm infants, correlating with developmental delay at 2 years.
  • Suboptimal neurobehavior in late preterm infants was also associated with poorer 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Brain structural changes and suboptimal neurobehavior are significant indicators in late preterm infants.
  • Further research on MRI and neurobehavioral tools can enhance understanding of developmental deficits.
  • The clinical utility of these tools for late preterm children requires further investigation.

Keywords:
InfantLate pretermMagnetic resonance imagingNeurobehaviourPremature

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