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Vertical curves provide the transition between two roadway grades, ensuring safety, comfort, and functionality. Calculating elevations at specific stations along the curve involves several systematic steps based on the curve's geometry and provided design parameters.The vertical curve is defined by its length, grades, Point of Vertical Intersection (P.V.I.) location, and P.V.I. elevation. The stations of the Point of Vertical Curvature (P.V.C.), where the curve begins, and the Point of Vertical...
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Related Experiment Video

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Miniaturized flow cell with pneumatically-actuated vertical nanoconfinement for single-molecule imaging and

Daniel J Berard1, Sabrina R Leslie1

  • 1Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2T8, Canada.

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|October 23, 2018
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Summary

We developed a miniaturized Convex Lens-induced Confinement (CLiC) system with pneumatic control for enhanced single-molecule imaging. This mini CLiC system offers higher throughput and reduced sample volume for pharmaceutical and diagnostic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Single-molecule imaging
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Convex Lens-induced Confinement (CLiC) is a single-molecule imaging technique.
  • It utilizes a deformable glass flow cell for trapping and visualizing molecules in micro/nanostructures.
  • Existing CLiC systems have limitations in fabrication throughput and sample volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To miniaturize the CLiC flow cell and introduce pneumatic control.
  • To improve fabrication throughput and reduce internal volume for precious samples.
  • To demonstrate the enhanced capabilities of the mini CLiC system.

Main Methods:

  • Miniaturization of the CLiC flow cell from to .
  • Integration of pneumatic control for confinement.
  • Imaging of DNA within sub-50 nm nanogrooves.

Main Results:

  • Fabrication throughput increased by nearly two orders of magnitude.
  • Internal volume reduced from microliters to nanoliters.
  • Demonstrated DNA confinement in sub-50 nm nanogrooves consistent with the Odijk regime.

Conclusions:

  • The mini CLiC system significantly enhances throughput and reduces sample volume.
  • Pneumatic control improves device stability and confinement.
  • This miniaturized system is suitable for pharmaceutical and diagnostic applications.