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Published on: January 7, 2020
Nutritional Support Strategies for the Preterm Infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
Insights
Optimizing nutrition for preterm infants is crucial for growth and development. Enhanced early nutrition, both intravenous and enteral, improves neurodevelopment and reduces later-life chronic disease risks.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal nutrition
- Pediatric growth and development
Background:
- Preterm infant nutrition aims to mimic fetal growth and nutrient levels.
- Inadequate nutrition in preterm infants leads to growth failure, increased morbidity, and suboptimal neurodevelopment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of enhanced nutrition for very preterm infants.
- To underscore the long-term benefits of early nutritional interventions.
Main Methods:
- Review of current nutritional goals for preterm infants.
- Analysis of outcomes associated with enhanced intravenous and enteral nutrition.
Main Results:
- Enhanced nutrition, initiated immediately after birth, supports positive energy and protein balance.
- Early nutritional interventions improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in the long term.
Conclusions:
- Optimized nutrition is essential for preterm infants' growth, development, and long-term health.
- Early enhanced nutrition offers lasting benefits, including chronic disease prevention.
Abstract:
The goal of nutrition of the preterm infant is to "provide nutrients to approximate the rate of growth and composition of weight gain for a normal fetus of the same postmenstrual age and to maintain normal concentrations of blood and tissue nutrients" (American Academy of Pediatrics 2014). Failure to provide the necessary amounts of all of the essential nutrients to preterm infants has produced not only growth failure, but also increased morbidity and less than optimal neurodevelopment. This continues to be true despite many efforts to increase nutrition of the preterm infants. In contrast, enhanced nutrition of very preterm infants, both intravenous and enteral, beginning right after birth, promotes positive energy and protein balance and improves longer term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The benefits are long lasting too, particularly for prevention of later life chronic diseases.
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