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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Spinal Ewing Sarcoma Metastatic to Bilateral Orbits.

Lawrence Chan1, Marez Megalla1, Jenna M Kim1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports the first case of bilateral orbital metastasis and papilledema from Ewing sarcoma, linked to hypercoagulability. The findings highlight a rare presentation of advanced cancer impacting vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Ewing sarcoma is a rare bone and soft tissue cancer.
  • Metastatic spread of Ewing sarcoma can affect various organs.
  • Hypercoagulability is an increased risk of blood clot formation.

Observation:

  • A 39-year-old woman with known spinal Ewing sarcoma and lung metastases developed decreased visual acuity.
  • Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral disc edema.
  • Brain and orbital MRI demonstrated metastatic dural and orbital lesions, along with venous sinus thrombosis.

Findings:

  • This case presents bilateral orbital metastasis and papilledema as a direct consequence of Ewing sarcoma.
  • The patient's condition was associated with venous sinus thrombosis, suggesting a hypercoagulable state.
  • This represents the first documented instance of these specific ophthalmic and neurological complications secondary to Ewing sarcoma.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of thorough ophthalmic and neurological evaluation in patients with advanced Ewing sarcoma.
  • It highlights a potential link between Ewing sarcoma, hypercoagulability, and secondary orbital and intracranial complications.
  • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms of hypercoagulability in Ewing sarcoma and its impact on metastatic patterns.