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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Nervous System.

Emily Jane Sutherland¹, Bruce James Brew²

¹Department of Neurology, University of New South Wales, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia.

Neurologic Clinics

|October 28, 2018

Summary

Combination antiretroviral therapy has increased survival for HIV patients, leading to more cases of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). Research is ongoing to understand the progression of HAND despite viral suppression.

Keywords:

HAND HIV Dementia Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

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Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV management, improving longevity and viral control.
ART has shifted the landscape of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs), increasing the prevalence of milder forms.
Cognitive impairment in HIV persists despite viral suppression, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current theories on HAND development.
To discuss clinical and pathological findings associated with HAND.
To highlight recent advancements and future research directions in HAND.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on HAND.
Analysis of clinical and pathological data related to HAND.
Synthesis of current understanding and future research opportunities.

Main Results:

HAND diagnosis and management are increasingly relevant in the ART era.
Milder forms of HAND are more prevalent with longer survival due to ART.
The exact mechanisms driving cognitive decline in HAND, even with viral suppression, remain unclear.

Conclusions:

Understanding the evolving spectrum of HAND is crucial for effective patient management.
Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of HAND.
Identifying new therapeutic targets is essential for improving outcomes in HAND.