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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.6K
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Contact Angle01:13

Contact Angle

19.7K
When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive...
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Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
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Lumber Defects01:23

Lumber Defects

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Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
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Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices
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Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

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Defect Manipulation To Control ZnO Micro-/Nanowire-Metal Contacts.

Jonathan W Cox1, Geoffrey M Foster2, Alexander Jarjour3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The Ohio State University , 205 Dreese Lab, 2015 Neil Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.

Nano Letters
|November 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Native point defects in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, not surface states, dominate charge transport. Manipulating these defects offers new ways to control carrier injection and electronic properties in nanowires.

Keywords:
Schottky contactZnOcathodoluminescence spectroscopydefectnanowireohmic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Surface states are traditionally thought to control charge transport in semiconductor nanowires.
  • However, the role of internal defects in nanowire electronic properties is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic role of native point defects within ZnO nanowires.
  • To understand how these defects influence carrier density, doping, and charge injection.
  • To correlate defect distribution with contact properties.

Main Methods:

  • Depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy to quantify point defect densities (Cu on Zn sites, Zn vacancy, O vacancy).
  • Localized optical and electrical measurements on individual ZnO nanowires.
  • Analysis of defect profiles (radial and lengthwise) in tapered wires.

Main Results:

  • Native point defects are electrically active and significantly alter doping and carrier density.
  • Defect densities vary radially and lengthwise, influenced by wire diameter.
  • Defect profiles dictate contact resistivity, determining ohmic, Schottky, or blocking behavior of Pt contacts.

Conclusions:

  • Native point defects, not surface states, are the primary electronic controllers in ZnO nanowires.
  • Defect engineering via ion beam methods and nanowire design can control charge injection and transport.
  • This provides new strategies for optimizing nanowire-based electronic devices.