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Medical Hypoparathyroidism.
Namrah Siraj1, Yasser Hakami1, Aliya Khan1
1Calcium Disorders Clinic, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|November 5, 2018
Summary
Hypoparathyroidism, a metabolic disorder, presents with low calcium and high phosphate due to parathyroid hormone (PTH) issues. This review details its diverse nonsurgical causes, including autoimmune disease and genetic factors.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Hypoparathyroidism is a metabolic disorder defined by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels or function.
- Nonsurgical causes are prevalent and diverse, impacting calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the nonsurgical or medical etiologies of hypoparathyroidism.
- To outline an approach for evaluating patients with this condition.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nonsurgical causes of hypoparathyroidism.
- Discussion of diagnostic evaluation strategies.
Main Results:
- Autoimmune destruction is the most common nonsurgical cause.
- Other causes include magnesium imbalances, genetic syndromes, pseudohypoparathyroidism (PTH resistance), infiltrative diseases, radiation, and idiopathic factors.
Conclusions:
- Hypoparathyroidism arises from various nonsurgical factors, necessitating a systematic diagnostic approach.
- Understanding these causes is crucial for effective patient management.
Keywords:
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 hypocalcemiaAutosomal dominant hypocalcemiaGeneticsMedical hypoparathyroidismParathyroid hormonePseudohypoparathyroidismMore Related Videos
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