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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

633
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
633
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

301
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
301
Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management01:27

Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management

286
A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
286
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

263
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis
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Subglottic Stenosis.

Alexander P Marston1, David R White1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MUSC Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 550, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric subglottic stenosis, a narrowing of the airway, is increasingly managed with endoscopic techniques. Severe cases still often require open surgery for successful tracheostomy decannulation.

Keywords:
Acquired subglottic stenosisCongenital subglottic stenosisCricotracheal resectionLaryngotracheal reconstructionProlonged endotracheal intubationSubglottic balloon dilation

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Airway Surgery
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • The subglottis, a narrow pediatric airway segment, is highly susceptible to stenosis.
  • Improved endotracheal tube management has reduced acquired subglottic stenosis incidence.
  • Severe subglottic stenosis often necessitates tracheostomy dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current management strategies for pediatric subglottic stenosis.
  • To highlight advances in otolaryngology interventions.
  • To discuss surgical options for severe cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on subglottic stenosis management.
  • Analysis of endoscopic and open surgical techniques.
  • Evaluation of tracheostomy avoidance and decannulation rates.

Main Results:

  • Endoscopic interventions like balloon dilation and cricoid splitting can avoid tracheostomy in mild to moderate stenosis.
  • Open surgical techniques, including laryngotracheal reconstruction and cricotracheal resection, achieve high decannulation rates in severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in otolaryngology offer improved outcomes for pediatric subglottic stenosis.
  • Endoscopic approaches are effective for less severe stenosis.
  • Open surgery remains crucial for managing severe subglottic stenosis and achieving decannulation.