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Calcium phosphate phase transformations in serum.

N Eidelman, L C Chow, W E Brown

    Calcified Tissue International
    |July 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study reveals that octacalcium phosphate (OCP) acts as a precursor in serum calcification, eventually hydrolyzing into more basic apatitic products. Direct hydroxyapatite formation in serum is a slow process.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Biomineralization
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Pathological calcification mechanisms require better understanding for effective control.
    • Calcium phosphate precipitation in biological fluids is complex and not fully elucidated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the formation mechanism of basic calcium phosphates in ultrafiltered serum (u.f.s.) using dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) as a source.
    • To determine the role of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) as a precursor in serum calcification.

    Main Methods:

    • Suspension of DCPD crystals in u.f.s. at 37°C with constant stirring.
    • Periodic analysis of calcium, phosphate, and pH.
    • X-ray diffraction for solid phase analysis.
    • Experiments conducted with and without a 5.5% CO2 atmosphere.

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    Main Results:

    • Initial saturation with DCPD, followed by saturation with OCP, confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
    • Subsequent undersaturation with DCPD and OCP, shifting towards hydroxyapatite (OHAp) saturation.
    • CO2 presence slowed but did not prevent the observed sequence.

    Conclusions:

    • OCP is a likely precursor in both beneficial and pathological serum calcifications, hydrolyzing in situ to apatitic products.
    • Direct formation of OHAp in u.f.s. is a slow process, potentially occurring rarely.
    • The calcification mechanism in u.f.s. appears similar to that in whole serum.