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Related Concept Videos

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices
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Easily Fabricated Microfluidic Devices Using Permanent Marker Inks for Enzyme Assays.

Coreen Gallibu1, Chrisha Gallibu2, Ani Avoundjian3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8202, USA. cgallib@calstatela.edu.

Micromachines
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed simple paper devices using permanent markers to detect glucose. This low-cost method offers a rapid, accessible colorimetric assay for glucose detection without specialized equipment.

Keywords:
chromatography paperglucose oxidasemicrofluidics

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microfluidic paper analytical devices (μPADs) offer a low-cost platform for diagnostics.
  • Colorimetric detection methods are valuable for simple analyte quantification.
  • Enzyme-based assays provide high specificity for target molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an inexpensive and rapid method for fabricating μPADs.
  • To create a colorimetric assay for glucose detection using readily available materials.
  • To demonstrate the utility of permanent markers in defining fluidic pathways on paper.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of μPADs by drawing hydrophobic barriers with permanent markers on chromatography paper.
  • Immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and potassium iodide (KI) on the μPADs.
  • Colorimetric detection of glucose based on the enzymatic oxidation of iodide to iodine, producing a color change.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated μPADs using permanent marker ink for defining hydrophilic flow paths.
  • Demonstrated a colorimetric assay for glucose detection, with a visible color change from clear to brownish-yellow.
  • Two distinct paper device designs were created for independent glucose assay zones.

Conclusions:

  • Permanent markers provide an inexpensive, rapid, and accessible method for fabricating μPADs.
  • The developed μPADs enable colorimetric detection and quantification of glucose without specialized laboratory equipment.
  • This approach simplifies the creation of paper-based analytical devices for point-of-care applications.