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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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MaizeGDB 2018: the maize multi-genome genetics and genomics database.

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MaizeGDB has been updated to support diverse maize genomes and new data types, enhancing genetic and trait analysis for researchers. New tools improve data access and visualization, supporting the global maize research community.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • MaizeGDB is a crucial resource for maize genetics and genomics.
  • Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled larger-scale genomic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report updates and new features implemented in MaizeGDB over the past three years.
  • To enhance support for diverse maize inbred lines and new data types.

Main Methods:

  • Database curation and development.
  • Integration of new data types (e.g., RNA-seq, proteomics, synteny).
  • Development of new data access and visualization tools (e.g., SNPversity, qTeller, MaizeMine).

Main Results:

  • MaizeGDB now supports multiple sequenced maize genomes beyond the B73 reference.
  • New tools facilitate analysis of maize diversity, gene expression, and genetic data.
  • Expanded data types include genome metadata, RNA-seq, proteomics, and synteny.

Conclusions:

  • MaizeGDB has evolved to meet the demands of modern maize genomics research.
  • The updated platform provides enhanced resources for trait, germplasm, and genetic studies.
  • MaizeGDB continues to serve as a central hub for the maize research community.