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Communicating and Assessing Physical Activity: Outcomes From Cognitive Interviews With Low-Income Adults

Cheng Li¹, Garry Auld², Karen D'Alonzo³

¹Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior

|November 12, 2018

Abstract

Objective:

This investigation sought to identify the physical activity (PA) terms and concepts that are best understood by low-income adults.

Design:

This was a cross-sectional study using semistructured cognitive interviews that employed retrospective verbal probing techniques.

Setting:

Interviews were conducted in Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) sites in New Jersey, Tennessee, and Washington.

Participants:

A convenience sample of 57 adults participating in or eligible for participation in EFNEP.

Phenomenon Of Interest:

Participants' interpretations and conceptualizations of PA concepts and terms.

Analysis:

Template and constant comparative analysis.

Results:

Participants interpreted many PA terms and concepts in unintended ways. Exercise was the term that came closest to conveying moderate to vigorous PA. Terms used to describe muscle-strengthening activities were mostly understood. Intentional engagement in extra activities was difficult for participants to conceptualize despite multiple tested wordings; making small changes to be active came closest to conveying this concept. Participants' comprehension of the PA terms differed by their PA and literacy levels.

Conclusions And Implications:

Nutrition educators should be mindful of the terminologies they used in communicating messages and assessing PA behaviors to EFNEP participants or similar populations.

Keywords:

exercise health communication health education physical activity public health

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