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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
Published on: July 10, 2021
The role of thioredoxin reductase in gold nanoparticle radiosensitization effects
Sébastien Penninckx1, Anne-Catherine Heuskin1, Carine Michiels2
1Research Center for the Physics of Matter & Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
Aim:
To identify new mechanisms responsible for the radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs).
Materials & Methods:
A549 lung carcinoma cells were incubated with 10-nm GNPs during 6 or 24 h before to be exposed to 25 keV/μm protons or 225 kV x-rays.
Results:
GNP incubation led to a time-dependent mitochondria membrane depolarization, oxidative stress and to x-ray and proton radiosensitization. Moreover, a marked inhibition of thioredoxin reductase was observed. Irradiation of cells invalidated for thioredoxin reductase evidenced a radiosensitization effect, suggesting that this enzyme is a potential GNP target.
Conclusion:
We suggest that GNPs play a radiosensitizer role by weakening detoxification systems. Altogether, these results open up promising novel strategies for the development of nanotechnologies associated to radiotherapy.
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