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Does social interaction influence the effect of cognitive intervention program? A randomized controlled trial using

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International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
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Playing the Go game enhances visual working memory in older adults. Face-to-face interaction in Go group lessons yielded greater cognitive benefits than individual tablet-based learning.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Cognitive decline is a significant concern in aging populations.
  • Cognitive intervention programs aim to maintain or improve cognitive function in older adults.
  • The role of social interaction in cognitive interventions requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of social interaction on cognitive intervention effectiveness using the board game Go.
  • To compare the impact of face-to-face versus non-face-to-face Go training on cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 72 older adults with no prior Go experience.
  • Participants were assigned to a face-to-face Go group (FG), a non-face-to-face Go group (NFG) using tablets, or a control group (CG).
  • Working memory was assessed using the Visual Memory Span Test (VMST) and Visual Memory Span Backward (VMSB) task before and after the intervention.

Main Results:

  • Both FG and NFG showed significant improvements in VMST scores post-intervention (P < .05).
  • The effect size for VMST improvement was larger in the FG (Cohen's d = 0.89) compared to the NFG (Cohen's d = 0.67).
  • Only the FG demonstrated significant improvement in VMSB scores (P < .05).

Conclusions:

  • The Go game effectively improves visual working memory in older adults, irrespective of social interaction.
  • Face-to-face group participation in Go offers superior cognitive benefits compared to individual, non-face-to-face learning.
  • Social engagement in cognitive interventions may enhance their efficacy for older adults.