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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

4.4K
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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High-Temperature Majorana Corner States.

Qiyue Wang1, Cheng-Cheng Liu2, Yuan-Ming Lu3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered Majorana bound states at the corners of 2D topological insulators, a new route to explore non-Abelian quasiparticles at higher temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Topological Materials Science

Background:

  • Majorana bound states are exotic quasiparticles often found at the ends of 1D topological superconductors.
  • Exploring Majorana bound states is crucial for advancements in topological quantum computing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the emergence of Majorana bound states at the corners of 2D topological insulators.
  • To provide a new, higher-order, and higher-temperature platform for studying non-Abelian quasiparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a new bulk invariant and an edge argument to validate the presence of Majorana bound states.
  • Investigated the phase diagram considering crystal symmetry and edge orientation.
  • Proposed experimental realizations in candidate materials.

Main Results:

  • Identified one Majorana Kramers pair at each corner of a square-shaped 2D topological insulator proximitized by an s±-wave superconductor.
  • Obtained a phase diagram detailing the effects of symmetry breaking and edge orientation.
  • Proposed two feasible experimental setups.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel method for realizing Majorana bound states in higher dimensions.
  • This work offers a promising avenue for higher-temperature exploration of non-Abelian quasiparticles.
  • The findings pave the way for practical applications in topological quantum computing.