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Relationship between Cell Receptors and Tumor Cell Sensitivity to Oncolytic Enteroviruses
A V Lipatova1, T H Le1, A O Sosnovtseva1
1V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
|November 20, 2018
Summary
Oncolytic enteroviruses showed varied replication across human cells. Tumor cell sensitivity to different enterovirus strains depends on more than just CXADR receptor expression, suggesting complex interactions.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Oncology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Oncolytic viruses are promising cancer therapeutics.
- Enteroviruses are being explored for oncolytic virotherapy.
- Understanding tumor cell susceptibility to viral infection is crucial for effective oncolytic virotherapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the replicative ability of five oncolytic enterovirus strains.
- To assess the susceptibility of 18 human normal and tumor cell lines to these enteroviruses.
- To investigate the role of the Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) in enterovirus infection.
Main Methods:
- Replication assays were performed using five distinct oncolytic enterovirus strains.
- A panel of 18 human normal and tumor cell lines was utilized.
- Gene expression analysis, including CXADR and poliovirus receptor (PVR) gene inactivation, was conducted.
Main Results:
- Significant variation in enterovirus replication capacity was observed across different cell lines.
- Cell lines with low replication for one strain showed high sensitivity to another, indicating strain-specific interactions.
- CXADR expression levels did not consistently correlate with Coxsackie B virus susceptibility; however, CXADR and PVR gene inactivation abolished sensitivity to specific viruses.
Conclusions:
- Tumor cell sensitivity to oncolytic enteroviruses is complex and not solely dependent on CXADR expression.
- The interplay between viral strains and host cell receptors, including PVR, dictates infectivity.
- Identifying additional cellular markers is essential for predicting and optimizing oncolytic enterovirus efficacy in cancer therapy.
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