[Spontaneous preterm birth and the maternal microbiome]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Microbiology
• Perinatal Health

Background:

• Preterm birth is a major global health concern, causing significant perinatal mortality and morbidity.
• Despite extensive research, effective treatments for preventing preterm birth remain elusive.
• Emerging evidence highlights the maternal microbiome's critical role in successful pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between maternal microbiome dysbiosis and preterm birth.
• To explore the protective and causal roles of the maternal microbiome in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Review of current scientific literature on maternal microbiome and preterm birth.
• Analysis of studies investigating vaginal and oral microbiome contributions.

Main Results:

• Maternal microbiome dysbiosis is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in preterm birth.
• The vaginal microbiome, particularly Lactobacillus species, may offer protection against uterine infections.
• Oral bacteria can also contaminate the uterus, potentially contributing to preterm birth.

Conclusions:

• The maternal microbiome plays a dual role, potentially protecting against or causing preterm birth.
• Targeting the maternal microbiome presents a potential therapeutic avenue for preventing preterm birth.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interactions within the maternal microbiome during pregnancy.