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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Integrated Circuit Design
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) requires miniaturized catheter systems with reduced wiring for improved maneuverability and compatibility with other medical equipment.
    • Existing ICE catheters face limitations due to high channel counts and bulky cabling, hindering integration with advanced imaging modalities like MRI.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a single-chip application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for reduced-wire active catheters.
    • To enable high-resolution ICE imaging with enhanced functionality and compatibility within a compact form factor.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and implemented a 64-channel front-end ASIC in 60 V 0.18-μm HV-BCD technology, integrating transmit (Tx) beamformers and receive (Rx) time-division multiplexing (TDM).
    • Utilized programmable Tx beamforming via a single low-voltage differential signaling line and 8:1 TDM with direct digital demultiplexing for Rx data.
    • Achieved a chip size of 2.6 × 11 mm², fitting within a 9 F (<3 mm) catheter, and demonstrated B-mode imaging on a phantom.

    Main Results:

    • Reduced the number of required wires from over 64 to 22, significantly simplifying catheter construction.
    • Demonstrated successful B-mode ultrasound imaging with an average power consumption of 401 mW.
    • The ASIC's compact, pitch-matched layout is compatible with capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer on CMOS technology.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed ASIC effectively addresses cable number and dimensional constraints in ICE catheters.
    • The system's design facilitates ICE imaging under magnetic resonance imaging conditions by mitigating radio frequency induced heating.
    • This advancement paves the way for more integrated and versatile intracardiac ultrasound systems.