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Area of Science:

  • Radiological Sciences
  • Medical Physics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dose audits are essential for optimizing patient radiation protection in diagnostic radiography.
  • Patient body mass index (BMI) is a critical factor influencing radiation dose.
  • Digital radiography systems are widely used, necessitating dose evaluation based on patient characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on radiation dose in adult patients undergoing various radiographic examinations.
  • To establish local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for different BMI categories.
  • To provide data for optimizing imaging protocols and enhancing radiation protection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of radiation dose data (ESAK, KAP, ED) for 1869 adult patients.
  • Categorization of patients into normal, overweight, and obese groups based on BMI.
  • Calculation of doses using X-ray tube output, exposure parameters, and conversion coefficients.
  • Establishment of LDRLs at the 75th percentile of ESAK and KAP values.

Main Results:

  • Overweight and obese patients exhibited significantly higher entrance surface air kerma (ESAK), kerma area product (KAP), and effective dose (ED) compared to normal-weight patients (p < 0.0001).
  • Median dose increases for overweight patients ranged from 54% to 183%, and for obese patients from 136% to 625%, depending on the examination and dose metric.
  • Established LDRLs indicated higher dose values for overweight and obese patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • Overweight and obese individuals receive substantially increased radiation doses in diagnostic radiography.
  • Tailoring imaging protocols for patients with higher BMI is necessary to reduce radiation exposure while maintaining image quality.
  • Further research on these patient groups is recommended to advance radiation protection practices.