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Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
Published on: August 4, 2022
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Ocular Surface Diseases in Marine Mammals
1Ophthalmology Department, All Animal Eye Care, Inc, 505 Commerce Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice
|November 21, 2018
Summary
Marine mammal eyes adapt to water and air, but sunlight and aging can cause corneal damage. Reducing UV exposure and improving environmental conditions can prevent surface eye diseases in these animals.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Marine Biology
- Veterinary Science
Background:
- Marine mammals possess unique ocular adaptations for both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
- The cornea and lens are particularly susceptible to environmental stressors.
- Sunlight exposure and natural aging are identified as significant factors contributing to ocular surface disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the environmental factors affecting marine mammal ocular health.
- To understand the mechanisms behind keratopathy in marine mammals.
- To propose strategies for mitigating surface ocular diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on marine mammal eye physiology and pathology.
- Analysis of risk factors such as UV exposure and environmental conditions.
- Correlation of aging with cumulative oxidative damage to ocular tissues.
Main Results:
- Increased mucins in tear film aid underwater and air vision.
- Flatter corneas and round lenses are key adaptations.
- Sunlight exposure (lack of shade) is a primary risk factor for keratopathy in pinnipeds and cetaceans.
- Oxidative stress from aging exacerbates corneal damage.
Conclusions:
- Environmental factors, particularly UV radiation, significantly impact marine mammal ocular health.
- Optimizing environmental conditions and reducing UV exposure can prevent surface ocular diseases.
- Further research into specific protective measures for marine mammal eyes is warranted.
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