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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

16.1K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
16.1K
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

12.9K
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
12.9K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

281
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
281
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

5.9K
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
5.9K
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

8.1K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.1K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

247
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
247

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Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish
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Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Published on: May 25, 2017

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Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis.

Gene Y Im1

  • 1Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1104, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|November 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcoholic hepatitis, an inflammatory liver condition from heavy alcohol use, has a variable prognosis. Corticosteroids improve short-term survival but do not impact long-term outcomes for this liver disease.

Keywords:
Alcohol use disorderAlcoholic hepatitisCorticosteroidsDiscriminant functionHepatorenal syndromeLille scoreN-acetylcysteinePentoxifylline

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe liver inflammation linked to excessive alcohol consumption.
  • Prognosis varies significantly, from quick recovery to fatal multiorgan failure.
  • Accurate prognostication is crucial for managing alcoholic hepatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of alcoholic hepatitis.
  • To discuss advancements in prognostication and treatment strategies.
  • To evaluate the role of corticosteroids in managing alcoholic hepatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on alcoholic hepatitis.
  • Analysis of prognostic scoring systems.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes, particularly corticosteroid efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Alcoholic hepatitis prognosis is highly variable, influenced by liver recovery.
  • Improved scoring systems aid in clinical decision-making for alcoholic hepatitis.
  • Corticosteroids are effective in improving short-term survival.

Conclusions:

  • Corticosteroids represent a key treatment for enhancing short-term survival in alcoholic hepatitis.
  • Current treatments do not significantly alter intermediate or long-term survival rates.
  • Further research is needed to improve long-term outcomes for alcoholic hepatitis patients.