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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence
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Ascidian notochord elongation.

Qiongxuan Lu1, Punit Bhattachan1, Bo Dong2

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.

Developmental Biology
|November 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ascidian notochord elongation involves three phases: convergence/extension, actomyosin ring-mediated cell elongation, and tubulogenesis. This review highlights distinct molecular mechanisms driving notochord morphogenesis.

Keywords:
Actomyosin ringCionaCircumferential contractionElongationNotochord

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Morphogenesis

Background:

  • Notochord elongation is crucial for chordate embryogenesis and organogenesis.
  • Ascidian notochord elongation exhibits unique molecular and cellular processes compared to other chordates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on ascidian notochord elongation.
  • To elucidate the distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in ascidian notochord morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ascidian notochord elongation.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular processes across three distinct phases of notochord development.

Main Results:

  • Phase 1: Convergence and extension via invagination and mediolateral intercalation.
  • Phase 2: Cytokinesis-like actomyosin ring drives cell elongation without division.
  • Phase 3: Tubulogenesis and endothelial-like cell migration contribute to further lengthening.

Conclusions:

  • Ascidian notochord elongation involves a unique three-phase process.
  • Actomyosin ring-based circumferential contraction is a conserved mechanism for tissue elongation across species.
  • Extracellular matrix and surrounding tissues play roles in notochord integrity and morphogenesis.