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Contiguity in episodic memory.

M Karl Healey1, Nicole M Long2, Michael J Kahana3

  • 1Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. khealey@msu.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contiguity significantly impacts human memory recall. This study outlines 34 benchmark findings for theories explaining how memory mechanisms create temporal distance effects across various tasks and timescales.

Keywords:
Episodic memoryFree recallPaired associatesRecognitionTemporal contiguity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Contiguity is a key factor influencing recall dynamics in human episodic memory.
  • Existing theories on the origins of contiguity lack comprehensive empirical grounding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a set of benchmark findings for evaluating theories of memory contiguity.
  • To synthesize existing literature and new data to define the scope of the contiguity effect.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of episodic memory research.
  • Analysis of new and archival empirical data.
  • Identification and categorization of 34 distinct findings on the contiguity effect.

Main Results:

  • Contiguity effects are robust across diverse tasks (recognition, paired associates, autobiographical recall).
  • The contiguity effect manifests across a wide range of timescales, from minutes to years.
  • Factors such as individual differences, task parameters, and stimulus type modulate the contiguity effect's magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support theories where contiguity emerges from fundamental memory encoding and search processes.
  • A time-scale invariant representation of temporal distance is proposed as a core mechanism.
  • These benchmarks provide a framework for developing and testing future theories of memory contiguity.