Amperometric Biosensor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Enhanced by Pd-Functionalized Carbon Nanocomposites

Matrix metalloproteinase-7 plays a pivotal role in tumour progression and metastasis as an enzyme that can degrade the cell-matrix composition and cleave peptides between alanine and leucine in various biomolecular activation processes. In this work, a Pd-functionalised carbon nanocomposite was designed as a new impedance enhancer for an amperometric sensor of MMP-7. Pd nanoparticles in the enhancer can catalyse the oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol with H₂O₂ to generate insoluble precipitation in situ, forming high-resistance precipitation on electrodes. In addition, poorly conductive carbon nanospheres of the nanocomposite increased the precipitation resistance, further causing a dramatic increase in resistivity of the enhancer and, subsequently, a significant decrease in current. This can significantly promote the current signal difference between the biosensor treated with and without the target analyte, which is directly related to the sensitivity of the amperometric biosensor. Overall, electrochemical biosensor can sensitively detect MMP-7 in the range of 100 fg mL^-1 to 100 ng mL^-1 with a limit of detection for MMP-7 of 17.38 fg mL^-1.